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PharmaInsight

Antibiotic prescribing in England, monthly national series

Monthly antibacterial items and cost nationally, plus the 20 most-prescribed antibiotics.

1,386rows

In the current release

January 2021 to June 2026

Coverage

June 2026

Latest data month

About this dataset

Monthly NHS primary-care prescription items and net ingredient cost for antibacterial drugs (BNF section 5.1) in England, as a national series plus a breakdown of the 20 most-prescribed antibacterial substances. Antibiotic prescribing is strongly seasonal, peaking in winter, which makes this series most useful compared year-on-year rather than month-to-month. Derived from the NHSBSA Prescription Cost Analysis and updated monthly.

How it is derived

Items and net ingredient cost are summed over every presentation whose BNF code begins 0501 (section 5.1, antibacterial drugs), for each published month. The per-substance rows aggregate the same records to chemical substance level and keep the 20 largest by total items across the whole period, so the same 20 substances appear in every month and the series are directly comparable.

What this data cannot tell you

  • 1 Primary care only. Antibiotics given in hospital, in dentistry outside NHS primary care, or in other settings are not included.
  • 2 Items are not defined daily doses. A course length varies by drug and indication, so item counts are a rough proxy for antibiotic exposure, not a measure of it.
  • 3 The seasonal peak means any month-on-month comparison is dominated by the time of year. Compare the same month across years.
  • 4 Some antibacterials in section 5.1 are prescribed long-term for non-infective indications, such as low-dose lymecycline for acne.

Antibiotic prescribing in England, by month

Items dispensed for BNF section 5.1, antibacterial drugs — a strongly seasonal series.

Antibiotic prescribing in England, by month01.3m2.5m3.8m5mJan 2021Oct 2021Jul 2022Apr 2023Jan 2024Oct 2024Jul 2025Jun 20262.8m

Source: NHSBSA English Prescribing Dataset OGL v3.0

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Chart licensed under CC BY 4.0 — attribution link to PharmaInsight required. Underlying data © NHSBSA, Open Government Licence v3.0.

Preview

The first 20 rows of 1,386.

First rows of Antibiotic prescribing in England, monthly national series
month level bnf_chemical_substance_code bnf_chemical_substance items net_ingredient_cost_gbp
2021-01 All antibacterials 2414403 14584598.61
2021-02 All antibacterials 2168879 13861647.26
2021-03 All antibacterials 2449513 15425343.21
2021-04 All antibacterials 2281126 14174031.09
2021-05 All antibacterials 2318640 13932467.41
2021-06 All antibacterials 2552643 14927091.34
2021-07 All antibacterials 2638610 14159933.42
2021-08 All antibacterials 2470953 13323245.08
2021-09 All antibacterials 2800877 14345089.67
2021-10 All antibacterials 3030299 13948950.25
2021-11 All antibacterials 3125569 14384336.24
2021-12 All antibacterials 3189616 14691280.04
2022-01 All antibacterials 2778072 13096113.96
2022-02 All antibacterials 2563129 12176444.28
2022-03 All antibacterials 3021575 13918951.4
2022-04 All antibacterials 2716029 12526847.32
2022-05 All antibacterials 2799683 13319959.09
2022-06 All antibacterials 2741757 13307190.83
2022-07 All antibacterials 2786861 14501344.29
2022-08 All antibacterials 2630932 14598701.71

Licence and attribution

The underlying figures are NHS open data published by the NHS Business Services Authority under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0.

The derived dataset on this page — the aggregation, the columns and the rates — is free to reuse, including commercially. We ask that you credit PharmaInsight with a link when you do, which is what lets other people find their way back to the method and the caveats.

How to cite

Citing a figure in something durable? Use the pinned 2026-06 snapshot rather than the latest file — it will not change when next month's data lands.

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At a glance

  • Source NHSBSA Prescription Cost Analysis
  • Coverage January 2021 to June 2026
  • Latest data June 2026
  • Updates Monthly
  • Format CSV, UTF-8
  • Licence OGL v3.0
  • Geography England

Columns

  • month
  • level
  • bnf_chemical_substance_code
  • bnf_chemical_substance
  • items
  • net_ingredient_cost_gbp

Where we use this data

Refresh

Monthly, within a few days of the NHSBSA publication. Last published 25 August 2026.

More open data

Browse the full dataset catalogue, the sources we import from, and our methodology.